What is Angular Cheilitis?

Angular cheilitis, also known as perleche or angular stomatitis, is an inflammatory condition that affects the corners of the mouth. It is a common condition, estimated to affect 1-5% of the population in the United States. It is characterized by redness and swelling, as well as cracking and peeling of the skin, and can be uncomfortable or even painful. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can be persistent, depending on the underlying cause. Angular cheilitis is treated with topical and oral medications, as well as lifestyle and dietary changes.

Causes of Angular Cheilitis

Angular cheilitis is caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial and fungal infections, allergies, vitamin deficiencies, and sun exposure. Bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, can cause angular cheilitis, as can fungal infections such as candida albicans. Allergic reactions to foods or cosmetics can also cause this condition. Vitamin deficiencies, such as a lack of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) or vitamin B12, can lead to angular cheilitis. Sun exposure can also cause cracking and peeling of the skin at the corners of the mouth.

Symptoms of Angular Cheilitis

The most common symptom of angular cheilitis is redness and swelling at the corners of the mouth. This can be accompanied by cracking and peeling of the skin, as well as pain and discomfort. Other symptoms may include itching and burning sensations, as well as a white or yellow discharge from the corners of the mouth. In more severe cases, angular cheilitis can lead to fever, fatigue, and other systemic symptoms.

Diagnosis of Angular Cheilitis

Angular cheilitis is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination. Your doctor may take a small sample of the affected area for laboratory testing to determine the underlying cause of the condition. This may include bacterial or fungal cultures, as well as allergy tests. Your doctor may also recommend blood tests to check for vitamin deficiencies.

Treatment of Angular Cheilitis

Treatment of angular cheilitis depends on the underlying cause. For bacterial or fungal infections, your doctor may prescribe topical or oral antibiotics or antifungal medications. Allergic reactions can be treated with antihistamines. Vitamin deficiencies can be treated with dietary changes and vitamin supplements. Sun exposure should be avoided, and a moisturizing lip balm can help protect the skin from further damage.

Prevention of Angular Cheilitis

Angular cheilitis can be prevented by avoiding potential triggers, such as foods or cosmetics that may cause allergic reactions. Adequate nutrition is important to ensure that the body is getting enough of the vitamins and minerals it needs. Sun protection is also important, as sun exposure can cause cracking and peeling of the skin. Finally, a moisturizing lip balm can help protect the skin from further damage.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Angular cheilitis can be uncomfortable or even painful, and it can be persistent. If your symptoms do not improve with home treatment, you should seek medical attention. Your doctor may need to take a sample of the affected area for laboratory testing to determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment. In some cases, angular cheilitis can be a sign of a more serious condition, such as Crohn’s disease or diabetes, so it should be evaluated by a doctor.

Conclusion

Angular cheilitis is a common condition that affects the corners of the mouth. It is caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial and fungal infections, allergies, vitamin deficiencies, and sun exposure. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can be persistent, depending on the underlying cause. Angular cheilitis is treated with topical and oral medications, as well as lifestyle and dietary changes. To prevent angular cheilitis, it is important to avoid potential triggers, such as certain foods or cosmetics, and to ensure adequate nutrition and sun protection.