What Is Constipation and How Can You Treat It?

Constipation is a common condition that occurs when the digestive system slows down or stops working properly. It can cause uncomfortable symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, and difficulty passing stool. Fortunately, there are a variety of treatments available to help relieve and manage constipation.

What Causes Constipation?

There are several possible causes of constipation, including:

Not eating enough fiber-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables
Not drinking enough water
Not getting enough exercise
Certain medications, such as painkillers, antacids, and antidepressants
Stress or anxiety
Pregnancy
Changes in routine, such as travel or change in diet
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Colon cancer

What Are the Symptoms of Constipation?

The primary symptom of constipation is difficulty passing stool, or having fewer than three bowel movements per week. Other symptoms may include:

Abdominal pain or cramping
Bloating
Nausea
Loss of appetite
Headache
Fatigue

How Is Constipation Diagnosed and Treated?

If you are experiencing symptoms of constipation, your doctor may recommend a physical exam and/or a variety of tests such as a colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or barium x-ray. Treatment of constipation depends on the underlying cause, but can include:

Increasing your intake of fiber-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables
Increasing your intake of fluids, such as water and herbal teas
Exercising regularly
Taking over-the-counter laxatives, such as psyllium husk or fiber supplements
Taking prescription medications, such as laxatives or stool softeners
Making lifestyle changes, such as decreasing stress and anxiety

When Should I See a Doctor for Constipation?

If your constipation doesn't improve with lifestyle changes or over-the-counter medications, or if you have severe abdominal pain, you should see your doctor. Additionally, if you experience any of the following symptoms, you should seek medical attention:

Blood in your stool
Unexplained weight loss
Fever
Persistent or worsening abdominal pain or bloating

How Can I Prevent Constipation?

To help prevent constipation, you should:

Eat a balanced diet that is high in fiber-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Drink plenty of water and other fluids
Exercise regularly
Avoid processed and high-fat foods
Manage stress and anxiety
Avoid laxative use

Constipation is a common condition that can cause uncomfortable symptoms. Fortunately, there are a variety of treatments available to help relieve and manage constipation. By making lifestyle changes, such as increasing your intake of fiber-rich foods, fluids, and exercise, you can help prevent constipation and avoid uncomfortable symptoms.