What Are Nasal Polyps?

Nasal polyps are growths in the lining of your nasal passages. These growths can affect your breathing, cause sinus pain, and make it difficult to smell. Nasal polyps are typically round or teardrop-shaped, and vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. While they can occur in both adults and children, they're most common in adults between the ages of 40 and 60.

Causes of Nasal Polyps

The exact cause of nasal polyps is unknown, although they are often associated with chronic sinus infections. Other potential causes include allergies, asthma, and certain medications. They can also occur in people with certain conditions such as cystic fibrosis or Churg-Strauss syndrome.

Symptoms of Nasal Polyps

Common symptoms of nasal polyps include: a stuffy or runny nose, a decreased sense of smell, facial pain or pressure, a feeling of fullness in the face, a whistling sound when breathing, snoring, and frequent headaches. If nasal polyps become large enough, they can block the nasal passages and make it difficult to breathe.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Nasal Polyps

Nasal polyps can usually be diagnosed during a physical exam. Your doctor may also use a nasal endoscope to get a better view of the polyps. Treatment usually involves medications like corticosteroids and antibiotics. Surgery may be necessary to remove larger polyps or those that do not respond to medications.

Complications of Nasal Polyps

In some cases, nasal polyps can cause complications such as sinusitis or an infection. They can also interfere with breathing, making it difficult to sleep or exercise. In rare cases, polyps can cause a narrowing of the nasal passages that requires surgery.

Prevention of Nasal Polyps

While there is no sure way to prevent nasal polyps, managing allergies and treating sinus infections can help reduce the risk. It's also important to avoid irritants such as smoke and chemicals that can trigger nasal irritation.

When to See a Doctor

If you have any of the symptoms of nasal polyps, it's important to see a doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risk of complications.